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__NOTOC__ Johann Christian Gottlieb Graupner (1767–1836) was a musician, composer, educator and publisher. Born in Hanover, Germany, he played oboe in Joseph Haydn's orchestra in London. After moving to the United States in the 1790s, he co-founded the Philharmonic Society (ca.1810–1825) and the Handel and Haydn Society (est.1815) in Boston, Massachusetts.〔O.G. Sonneck, quoted in Philip Hale, "The birth-date of Gottlieb Graupner", ''Boston Symphony Orchestra Programme for 29th season, 1909-1910'' (Boston: The Orchestra, 1910) p.920ff, (Google books )〕 Some historians call Graupner "the father of Negro songs.",〔"Did you know", ''The Crisis'', February 1954, 101〕 based on the reminiscences of performer Charles T. White (1821-1891). One historian of jazz writes: "In 1795...Graupner...arrived in Charleston, Virginia, from Hanover, Germany, listened to banjo music and Negro songs, and learned. In 1799, donning blackface, he introduced himself as 'The Gay Negro Boy' in an interlude between acts at the Federal Street Theatre in Boston. This was the beginning of Negro minstrels and minstrelsy."〔Barry Ulanov, ''A History of Jazz In America'' (Viking Press, 1952), pp. ?〕 According to another account, thereafter "he specialized in popularizing Negro songs."〔''The Crisis'', February 1954, 101〕 However, more recent historians have cast doubt upon these claims.〔Hans Nathan: Dan Emmett and the Rise of Early Negro Minstrelsy (University of Oklahoma Press, 1962), footnote 8, page 34.〕〔H. Earle Johnson, ''Musical Interludes in Boston'' (New York, 1943), pp 176-77.〕 In 1801, with fellow musicians Philip Trajetta and François Mallet, he founded a music academy in Boston, called the American Conservatorio of Boston. It was the first such institution in the United States and lasted just two years.〔H. Earle Johnson, ''Musical Interludes in Boston 1795-1830'' (Columbia University Press, 1943)〕 He also founded what quickly became the city's most prominent music publishing concern. In 1810 he organized the Boston Philharmonic Society to perform classical music in reaction to the non-classical syncopation of the fuguing tunes of William Billings.〔Ulanov, ''History of Jazz'', p. ?〕 He became "the musical oracle of Boston" from 1798 until the 1815 when he was among the founding members of the Handel and Haydn Society.〔Oscar George Theodore Sonneck, ''Early Concert-Life in America (1731-1800)'' (Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1907), 306 (Google books )〕 Around 1816 he directed the orchestra at Washington Gardens.〔''Boston Gazette'', May 27, 1816〕 He played concerts in Boston at the Columbian Museum,〔''Russell's Gazette'', May 16, 1799〕 Conservatory Hall,〔''Boston Gazette'', May 4, 1801〕 and other venues in Boston and around New England. His wife, opera singer Catherine Comoford Hillier,〔Seymour H. Stone, quoted in Hale, "Birth-Date," p. ?〕 also performed frequently. As a music publisher, Graupner promoted the popular ''Rudiments of the Art of Playing on the Piano-Forte'' (Boston, 1806; 2nd ed., 1819), one of the earliest such volumes published in the United States, and possibly the first.〔''Rudiments of the Art of Playing on the Piano Forte: containing elements of music, preliminary remarks on fingering with examples, thirty fingered lessons, and a plain direction for tuning. Arranged by Gottlieb Graupner'', described at Via Libri: (Graupner, Gottlieb ), accessed November 4, 2011〕 He also published sheet music by numerous composers including Henry Bishop, John Braham, John Clarke Whitfield, Muzio Clementi, John Davy, Johann Dussek, James Hook, Michael Kelly, George Kiallmark, Thomas Moore, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Francis Panormo, William Parsons, David Dean Roche, John Ross, Oliver Shaw, and John Andrew Stevenson.〔Massachusetts Historical Society. (Catalog ). Retrieved 2011-11-07〕 In Boston Graupner ran a music store at no. 6 Franklin Street, where he also lived.〔''Boston Directory'', 1805, 1823〕 The store later moved to Marlboro Street〔''Boston Daily Advertiser'', February 5, 1818〕 and towards the end of his life he lived in Province House Court.〔''Boston Directory'', 1832〕 He died in Boston in 1836.〔''Salem Gazette'', April 19, 1836〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gottlieb Graupner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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